In satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu) trees, high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and ascorbic acid were detected in lightly fruiting trees ( Nishikawa et al., 2016). Alternate fruit bearing in citrus trees is discussed a lot. ex Tan.), warmer temperatures (25 or 30☌) during anthesis increase parthenocarpic fruit development ( Distefano et al., 2018). In ‘Comune’ clementine ( Citrus clementina Hort. Temperature also affects the development of citrus flowers and fruits. Citrus shoots sprout when temperatures are higher than 13☌ and sprouting is enhanced by increasing solar radiation ( Micheloud et al., 2018). In southern Brazil, citrus flowering occurs when air temperatures decrease to 10☌ ( Soares-Colletti et al., 2016). Shoots that form in summer and autumn usually have only vegetative growth, while those that form in spring and experience low winter temperatures respond with flowering ( Monselise, 1985 Davenport, 1990 García-Luís et al., 1992 Guardiola, 1997). The first one occurs in late winter or early spring (spring flush), the second in late June (summer flush), and the third in September (autumn flush). In the subtropical region, large-fruited citrus usually has two flowering periods per year. crassifolia Swingle), ‘Hong Kong’ or ‘Hong Kong Wild’ ( F. Four major cultivars given species status by Swingle are as follows: ‘Nagami’ ( F. Kumquats are grown commercially in China and Japan. Unlike typical citrus, the peel of the kumquat is edible and usually sweeter than the pulp ( Rieger, 2006 Abobatta, 2018). Kumquats, the smallest edible citrus, are evergreen shrubs or small trees native to southern China but can grow in cooler temperatures ( Manner et al., 2006). Kumquats ( Fortunella margarita) were formerly classified with citrus and then were moved to the genus Fortunella, named after Robert Fortune, who introduced kumquats to Europe ( Ying, 1998 Rieger, 2006).

Actual size kumquat